Sunday reading: Holika Dahan

Here on my blog . This blog is related to the Holika Dahan.

We can see the    Dilip Barad sir  post on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/533772471/posts/10159381704207472/?substory_index=2

Some questions  are: 

《1》 How many countries celebrate Bonfire ? Why? (If you can find reasons  ….are there common reasons?)

Answer : what is bonfire ? : Click here

Holi is not only celebrated in India, but in other parts of the world as well.Click here It is celebrated with much fanfare in countriesOutside India and Nepal, Holi is observed by the minority Hindus in Bangladesh and Pakistan as well in countries with large Indian subcontinent diaspora populations such as Suriname, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, South Africa, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Mauritius, and Fiji. The Holi rituals and customs outside South Asia also vary with local adaptations.

☆ Holi in different parts of India: 

■ Assam:

Holi is known as PhakuWa/Doul or Doul Jatra in Assam. Here, the festivities span over two days. On the first day, the Assamese people burn clay huts to symbolise Holika Dahan and, on the next day, play with colours. 

■Odisha:

In Odisha, Holi is referred to as Dola. On this day, devotees worship Lord Jagannath and apply abira (gulal) on each other.

■West Bengal: 

In West Bengal, Holi is celebrated on the Purnima Tithi and is known as Dol Purnima or Dol Jatra. People greet each other with abeer (gulal) and enjoy the festival while getting drenched in the colours of joy.

■Uttar Pradesh: 

The Braj Bhoomi (a place associated with Shri Krishna) is in Uttar Pradesh. Here, in the towns of Barsana and Nandagaon, people celebrate Lathmar Holi. Women from Barsana would hold bamboo or wooden sticks to beat men from Nandgaon, as they would use a shield to guard themselves. The natives follow the tradition that has been in practice since the times of Shri Krishna and Radha. In some parts of Uttar Pradesh, people also use flowers to celebrate Holi.

 

■Uttarakhand: 

Holi in this state is known as Baithaki Holi, Khari Holi or Mahila Holi. Men and women dressed in their traditional attire sing songs and take part in folk dance. And they also make use of natural colours to play Holi.

■ Bihar : 

Holi is known as Phaguwa in Bhojpuri. Here, on the first day (Purnima Tithi, people light the bonfire, and on the next day, celebrate Holi with colours.

Holi is celebrated with the same zest and enthusiasm in the other parts of Northern and Western India. The Indian states of Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh Chattisgarh and the Union Territory of Jammu Kashmir also celebrate the festival of colours.

《2》 What is the ritual  around  such celebrations ?

Answer:  

Holi rituals include  Holika Dahan. Hiranyakashipu's own son, Prahlada, however, disagreed. He was and remained devoted to Vishnu.This infuriated Hiranyakashipu. He subjected Prahlada to cruel punishments, none of which affected the boy or his resolve to do what he thought was right. Finally, Holika, Prahlada's evil aunt, tricked him into sitting on a pyre with her. Holika was wearing a cloak that made her immune to injury from fire, while Prahlada was not. As the fire roared, the cloak flew from Holika and encased Prahlada,survived while Holika burned. Vishnu, the god who appears as an avatar to restore Dharma in Hindu beliefs, took the form of Narasimha.

The Holika bonfire and Holi signifies the celebration of the symbolic victory of good over evil, of Prahlada overHiranyakashipu, and of the fire that burned Holika.

Festival of Colors.Religion, bonfires and an abundance of colored chalk.India's Holi Festival could just be one of the world's most beautiful celebrations. Holi is an ancient Hindu festival, originating from the Indian subcontinent. It is celebrated predominantly in India, but has also spread to other areas of Asia and parts of the Western world through the diaspora from the Indian subcontinent. Holi is popularly known as the Indian "festival of spring", the "festival of colours", or the "festival of love". The festival signifies the arrival of spring, the end of winter, the blossoming of love, and for many a festive day to meet others, play and laugh, forget and forgive, and repair broken relationships. The festival also celebrates the beginning of a good spring harvest season.

Rituals of Holi: Holi Puja, Holika Sthapana and Puja Procedure.

Rituals of the ancient festival of Holi are religiously followed every year with great enthusiasm and Safety. The Holi festival is an ancient Hindu festival with its cultural rituals. Apart from playing colors; Holika puja is a major attraction of Holi. Here complete details of Holika Sthapana and Puja Procedure.

 

《3》 Is there any story or myth around  those celebrations?  Write  about various  myths  around  bonfire.  Watch the video  linked here under  to know  about  the myths believed in by  vaishnavites and shaivites in India.  In which  myth do you  believe  more than the other  one.

Answer: I believe in legend. "Holika Dahan. "

Click here and watch this video

The word Holi derives its name from Holika. According to Hindu mythology, Holika was the sister of demon King Hiranyakashyapu.As per the legend, Prahlad, a staunch devotee of Lord Vishnu, Prahlad was born to Hiranyakashyapu. Prahlad’s devotion to lord Vishnu did not go down well with his father. As a result of this, Hiranyakashyapu tried to kill his son several times, but the Vishnu devotee escaped unhurt every time, frustrating the demon king.After numerous unsuccessful attempts, the demon king thought of taking help from his sister, Holika, who had a boon by Lord Brahma which said she would not be burnt in a fire.As per the myth, Holika had a shawl which would protect her from the flames of a fire. The demon king asked her sister to take Prahlad on her lap and set the two on fire. Prahlad kept chanting the name of Lord Vishnu and as the fire got intense, a gust of wind removed the shawl from Holika and went on to cover Prahlad, killing the enchantress in the flames.

Another myth says that Kansa, uncle of lord Krishna, feared that according to a prophecy, the evil king would be killed by his sister’s son Krishna. In order to protect himself from Krishna, Kansa sent Putna to kill his nephew, who was an infant. The plan was to poison him under the guise of breast-feeding. But what transpired was shocking for Putna. Krishna not only sucked her poisonous milk, but her blood too. Fearing for her life, she ran but burst into flames. 

Sunday Reading: Arundhati Subramanian "When God Is a Traveller"

Hello readers!

Here on my blog.  This blog related to  Sunday Reading: Arundhati  Subramanian "When God Is a Traveller"

 ☆ INTRODUCTION  OF ARUNDHATI SUBRAMANIAN: 

  Arundhathi Subramaniam is an Indian poet, writer, critic, curator, translator, Journalist, writing in English.

 Arundhati Subramaniam won the award for her poetry collection ‘When God is a Traveller’ in English. Poet Arundhathi Subramaniam is among the 20 writers to receive the Sahitya Akademi Award for 2020, reported PTI. The National Academy of Letters announced the names on Friday at its annual ‘’Festival of Letters’’ event.

Khushwant Singh Memorial Prize for Poetry: On 25 January 2015, Arundhathi won the first Khushwant Singh Memorial Prize for Poetry for her work When God is a Traveller. The prize was announced as part of ZEE Jaipur Literature Festival.

Apart from Subramaniam, the others who received the award in poetry include Harish Meenakshi (Gujarati), Anamika (Hindi), RS Bhaskar (Konkani), Irungbam Deven (Manipuri), Rupchand Hansda (Santali), and Nikhileswar (Telugu).

☆ "When God Is a Traveller"

Arundhati Subramaniam

 (wondering about Kartikeya/ Muruga/ Subramania, my namesake)

 Trust the god back from his travels, his voice wholegrain (and chamomile), 

his wisdom neem, his peacock, sweaty-plumed, drowsing in the shadows.

 Trust him who sits wordless on park benches listening to the cries of children fading into the dusk, 

his gaze emptied of vagrancy, his heart of ownership.

Trust him who has seen enough— revolutions, promises, the desperate light of shopping malls, hospital rooms, manifestos, theologies, the iron taste of blood, the great craters in the middle of love. 

Trust him who no longer begrudges his brother his prize, his parents their partisanship. 

Trust him whose race is run, whose journey remains, who stands fluid-stemmed knowing he is the tree that bears fruit, festive with sun.

 

Trust him who recognizes you— auspicious, abundant, battle-scarred, alive— and knows from where you come. 

Trust the god ready to circle the world all over again this time for no reason at all other than to see it through your eyes.

I should say that I understood it without properly understanding. Some level of complex texture is involved in her works which I feel is the one which makes a good poetry.A love for language and a knack for fusing disparate realities is evident in Arundhathi Subramaniam's new collection of poems.

These are poems of wonder and precarious elation, about learning to embrace the seemingly disparate landscapes of hermitage and court, the seemingly diverse addresses of mystery and clarity, disruption and stillness - all the roadblocks and rewards on the long dangerous route to recovering what it is to be alive and human.Wandering, digging, falling, coming to terms with unsettlement and uncertainty, finiteness and fallibility, exploring intersections between the sacred and the sensual, searching for ways to step in and out of stories, cycles and frames - these are some of the recurrent themes.

These poems explore various ambivalences - around human intimacy with its bottlenecks and surprises, life in a Third World megapolis, myth, the politics of culture and gender, and the persistent trope of the existential journey.

Arundhathi Subramaniam's previous book from Bloodaxe, Where I Live: Selected Poems (2009), drew on her first two books published in India plus a whole new collection. When God Is a Traveller is her fourth collection of poetry.

‘A sense of wonder and striking contrasts pervade the Indian poet’s fourth collection. The sacred meets the everyday, cerebral wordplay delivers full-blooded emotion, and ancient Hindu myths run alongside contemporary urban life. Breathtaking in scope, taking in religious faith, friendships, love affairs and existential themes.

In 'When God is a Traveller', Subramaniam weaves metaphors, metaphors that are distinctly hers, into language that is simultaneously fluid and simple. Everydayness is woven as a metaphor rife with allusions to the deeper meanings of life.The allusions of Hinduism do leave scope for criticism.

And she has just come out with an anthology of Bhakti Poetry (Penguin) oddly entitled Eating God. (My advice: eat veggies, don't eat gods). She also has a wallet-sized book on the Buddha.The Hindu ‘… a strong personality and an individual voice; her poems feel as if they are meant to be read aloud as well as on the page.’ Bruce King, Journal of Postcolonial Literature ‘Few poets capture contradictory impulses so convincingly

These are poems of wonder and precarious elation, and all the roadblocks and rewards on the long dangerous route to recovering what it is to be alive and human.

note

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PuDL0gJb8KY_a5GYKsn1qHepKA85i4BHt9IC6okHqwQ/edit?usp=drivesdk

Harry potter :- Web-quest Activity

Web-quest is a part of thinking activity. To know more about this activity Click Here.

Joanne Rowling better known by her pen name J. K. Rowling, is a British author, film producer, television producer, screenwriter, and philanthropist. She is best known for writing the Harry Potter fantasy series, which has won multiple awards and sold more than 500 million copies, becoming the best - selling book series in history.

(1) Harry Potter and the philosopher's stone

(2) Harry Potter and the chamber of secrets

(3) Harry Potter and the prisoners of Azkaban

(4 ) Harry Potter and the Goblet of fire

(5) Harry Potter and the order of the phoenix

(6) Harry Potter and the Half - Blood prince

(7) Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows

* Mini Review Click Herehttps://docs.google.com/document/d/1LkMLleKiM74KZtU6UJ-EMV-ntTcq_s3cKJP_vgN2Hdg/edit?usp=drivesdk

* Web - qust Activity https://docs.google.com/document/d/18ZXn_IT4DTRq8-8Kb55GpggZt4jRQDoTJ5lXfQWIp94/edit?usp=drivesdk

*Rubric and Evaluation Click Heyrehttps://docs.google.com/document/d/1kJc6_f9KBdFfR7gsCRQulAgBqroX3Tkh6WFaCSMXjQ8/edit?usp=drivesdk

(1) Feminist reading of Harmione’s character in Harry Potter: How do the character portrayal of Harmione and other female characters support feminist discourse?

=>  In Harry Potter, Harry is main protagonist. And Ron and Hermione is best friends of Harry. Harry get some task in all the series. Hermione and Ron helps him. And other chracters also helps Harry. so In the Harry Potter Hermione's chracter is powerful. Ans she loves reading. And she also destroys one Horkruks. but in some way her chracter becomes weak. At the end harry completes all the tasks. that's why harry becomes center in the text.

(2) Discourse on the purity of Blood and Harry Potter: How do the novels play with the thesis of pure blood (Master Race) giving an anti-thesis by belonging protagonists to half-blood / Mud-blood? What sort of synthesis is sought in this discourse in Harry Potter series?

=> In Haeey potter there is a discourse of Purity and mud blood is there. Mud blood also get admission in the Hogward. And that's why Volemort does not like Mud Blood. he is aggainst mud bloood. So in harrypotter mud blood suffers. and hermione also suffeers. Bellatrix tortures on her. 

3)      Confronting reality by reading fantasy: How does reading Harry Potter make us confront the reality of our everyday existence?

=>  In  Harry potter fantasy and imagination is there. But In this reality is also there. In all the parts chracters struggles like, real life people also suffers and struggle.Ans in the harry potter series also gives some lesson about life. So it is a mixure of fantacy and reality.

(12) What is your opinion on this:

=> Harry potter series is interesting. peple likes all the parts of harry potter. And movies also ceteted very well. That's why people also takes interest in reading. And whole series becomes famous. Hu

The Monkey's Paw - w.w. Jacobs

The Monkey's Paw

About Author :-

     William Wymark Jocobs was an English Author of short stories and novel. During his career he was best known for his farcical comedy involving dockside and rural Essex characters. The Monkey's Paw is a most famous shot story.


        "The Monkey's Paw" is the supernatural and powerful short story. The first published in England. In the collection  'The lady of the Barge' in 1902.

There are three major character

  - Herbert white
  - Mrs. White
  - Mr. White
 
          The whole paly took place in the living room of white family. Their home is quite old fashion but comfortable for living. The story started with  Mr. White and his son Herbert are playing chess. And his wife doing some household works. Her wife watching that enjoying movement. We can see they live a happy life.

       One day a heavy wind and that heavy wind bring a Strom in Mr. White family. An old friend of Mr. White’s comes to visit them.  He come to them for a social meeting. He share some experience about some Indian Fakirs. Who  put his all power in Monkey's paw. So that paw become powerful it can fulfill three persons three wishes. Herbert laughed on and ask 

    You have had your three wishes?
      
         Jacobs uses foreshadowing, imagery and symbolism in this story to explore the consequences of tempting fate. Sargent said yes and warn them that might this monkey's paw fulfilled wishes but it also goes in negative effects also. He share experiences that the 1st owner of the Monkey's Paw had his three wishes were granted. But his last wish is death. Second owner is Sargent major himself. He also get his wishes but his experience is terrible. 

Sargent major throw that 

Mysterious monkey's paw in fire at that time Mr. White saved it and he and his son are convince to try it once. They want to find real mater and experience it. They wish is 

'I wish for two hundred pounds'

     The paw is twisted in his arm. Her mother tried to stop them. Herbert not believe in that type of superstition things. He say relax about it. Herbert went to his job. In the next morning one person came with a well-  dressed or introduce as a Mr. Sampson  from the electronic works. Sometimes happens in last night Herbert was laughing and wasn't notice and machine caught him. He was crushed by machine and he was dead.  Mr. Sampson was there for give them compensation he said 

" In consideration of your son's services company wish to parent you with a certain same as compensation. It was two hundred pounds."


      The Monkey's paw complete their condition. It fulfilled wishes but take something from you . Rules of given and taken. After a few days Mrs. White  remember that they have two wishes still left.  She request to her husband to give a wishes. He was a helpless about it and so he wishes 

' I  wish my son alive again'

     After some time there was knocked on the door in the middle of the night. They are sure it is Herbert. He remembers that Herbert was mangled beyond recognition in the accident and he knows the corpse has been rotting for 10 days.  He is sure that the knocking is coming from Herbert’s corpse, and not from a Herbert who has been brought back to life as he was before the accident. We don't know what is the third wish of them. Mrs. White took on the monkey's paw   and frantically breathed his third and last wish. The knocking stopped suddenly, though it still echoed in the house.Mr. White wished for his son to return to the dead and that the consequence of his wish was that Herbert did. The happy family turned into a tragic death.

     Human emotions are also well described in this play. All human beings have a some lust about different things. It is a natural of all human and it is a handful to ourselves. So this is a moral of the story. Any shortcuts are harmful. 

    

A prayer for My daughter

A prayer for my daughter by W.B yeats

Willam butler yeats was an illustration Irish Irish poet writer and playwright. he was a staunch irish nationalist who continued to espouse this cause  all his life this poem was written by its when Anne was a tender  infant. He express his love and concern for anne. The first world war head just drawn to close leaving earth trail of death and destruction on Europe. Inside Ireland there was a large waves of Irish nationalism and capitalism life was hard in Ireland at that time went , unrest and discontent make life hard for ordinary citizens. There was of frustration against and fear. Yeat did not escape this air if despondency. In this backdrop . This poem for a little baby whom he love so much as he symbolised Ireland as a baby. And England as a nationalist perspective and also he satirised modern civilization.


     The poem start with the description of his daughter as she is sleeping in cradle.  The cradle is symbol for the protection. And Strom symbolised as difficult time. The tone is gloomy, precarious, and frightening, as well as didactic  The poem line is

“ Once more the Strom is howling and half hid under this cardlehood and coverlid my child sleeps on.”

       In this line poet shows worry about his daughter. And he gives advice to her that she faced difficulties in life. There are follow a skilful description of the kind of beauty. It’s not a exclusive beauty. He knows too much beauty in a woman will lead her in danger. He knows fabulous beauty goes with an empty mind. The poet wish and prayers that his daughter maybe granted moderate beauty. The other wish that   his daughter grown up like a laurel tree.

     The poet continues on to comment on his hopes for her beauty: “May she be granted beauty and yet not.” His vacillation is that beauty in women sometimes brings disasters. For example, some such people have a difficult time choosing the right person as a life partner, and neither they can “find a friend.” The speaker lays emphasis on the need for feminine innocence. The poet advances his argument in the next stanzas by citing examples of beautiful women such as Helen of Troy, whose beauty was said to be the cause of the Trojan War. By the end, the poet wants his daughter to be courteous, as love cannot come unconditionally and freely. She must earn love with good efforts and kind-heartedness, and she cannot win it by merely physical beauty because “Hearts are not had as a gift but hearts are earned.” Summing up his theme, the poet wishes his daughter to possess such qualities that could help her face the future years confidently and independently.

A prayer for My daughter

The Imagination : I. A. Richards

The Imagination : I. A. Richards

The imagination I. A. Richard

       Literary criticism has found itself as an important and independent branch in established New horizon. Number of scholar have emerged as a critiques and interpreted literature in order to help a common considerate as 'the father of new criticism'. I.A.richard has contributed in the development of literary criticism by his destination essay like his practical criticism four type of meaning imagination and many other. At present we want concerned with his view on the imagination.

Six sense of imagination

     According I.A. Richards we can define third term imagination at least in six distinct senses. Hi discuss various meaning and concept of the same term and then considered a particular concept the most important. I.A. Richards, it is  convenient to. separate then before passing on to consider the work which is most important.
- Production of image
- The use of figurative language
- The narrower sence
- Inventiveness imagination
- Scientific imagination
- The sense of musical delight

Production of imagination

     In the first concept of imagination is a very common and that is the production of various image usually visual image. The production of various image and visual image are the most commonest and the most interesting thing which is reflected by imagination.

The use of figurative language

   Another concept of imagination is the use of figurative language. People who naturally employee metaphor and simile especially when it is of an unusual kind are same to have imagination. It should not be overloaded that metaphor and simile are the Two which may be considerate together. They have great variety of function of speech. This is the most common scientific use of metaphor full stop it is in imagenative language and in poetry. An example 
       Shelly’s “dome of many coloured glass”

  It is only example which spread to mind. some attitude of speaker to his subject or to his audience is using the metaphor as a tool of expression. Gibbon said..

‘ the freedom of waiting has indeed Proval a strict tribe but as I was safe from the stings I was soon accustomed to the buzzing of the honest.’

There a review metaphors whose effect can be traced to the logic reaction. Metaphor is a method by which the great variety of element can be brought into the experience.

The narrower sense

    A narrower sense is that in which sympathetic reproduction of other people's state of mind. Particularly there emotional state of mind is imagination can be found in plays. The dramatist say that the critique things that is a person behave unfortunately.

“ you haven’t enough imagination”.

This kind of imagination is plainly a necessity for communication bed play to be successful require it as much as good plays.

Inventiveness imagination

   It is an another important science stop it bring the element together which are not connected according to this 'Edison' is said to have imagination and any fantastic romance will show it in 'Excelsis'. Crazy people will beat any of us at combine odd Idea.

The scientific imagination

    Fifth concept according to I.A. Richards is the scientific imagination. This is an order of experience in definite experience in   definite ways and for purpose not necessarily deliberated and conscious. But limited to a given field. The technical victory of the art are the examples of this kind of imagination.

The sense of musical delight ( Coleridge)

    Finally we come to the sense of imagination with which we are here most concerned. It is a closely connected with the Coleridge's concept of imagination. It is Coleridge's  great contribution to critical theory . In his words imagination means..

‘ the sympathetic and magical power to while we have exclusively appreciate the name is imagination'
  It is a sense of novelty and freshness with old and familiar object a more than usual state of emotion with more that usual order. The sense of musical delight and modified a series of thought by someone pre- dominant thought or feeling these are gifts of imagination.

The Quality : short story by John Galsworthy

The Quality

The Quality is a short story written by John Galsworthy. The story is narrated as a first person narrative techniques. This story is about a shoe makers life. The name of shoe makers is gessler brothers. This story also shows the effect of industrialism on small business and his struggle.

   The Gessler brothers are German shoe makers and they lived in London. They have a small shop of shoes. Both are making a shoes with good quality on order. The story narrator is a regular customer of that shop.

    Gessler brothers shoes quality are really best and comfortable for customer. The one thing is that after one order one has not to visit it again for long time.

   Narrator visit a that shop and every time he ordered shoes.Once narrator says to Mr. Gessler that the shoe has a crack at that time Mr. Gessler asks to bring it back he will fix it and if he can not than he will return the money. Once when narrator visits the shop the elder brother has died and younger Mr. Gessler was at the shop. After that narrator has ordered many pairs of shoes. After receiving the order he does not need to visit the shop for some period of time. Next time when he goes he again order many pairs of shoes. After receiving the order once he was passing by that road and decided to visit Mr. Gessler and to tell him that shoes were very nice. But when he reaches there he see some other English man, who informs narrator that Mr. Gessler has died because of starvation. All money he earned was gone in buying row materials for shoes and in paying rent.


    At the end gessler brothers has tried to maintain quality of shoes. Not focused on another things. There are talk between narrator and Mr. Gessler that how big business and company affect on his business. How it's harmful for their business.

Gessler brothers have pointed that those big company do not provide quality they just have quality and different designs. That design attract the audience but that is a complaining about a quality. People only focused on  design more than quality. That type of company was harmful Mr . Gessler brother's small business.

Thank you

Heart of Darkness - Joseph corned

Heart of Darkness

 Introduction :


        ' Heart of Darkness' is a novella written by Joseph corned. He was a polish - British writer regarding as one of the greatest novelist to write in English language. He did not speak English fluently until he was in twenties. He was I. Stylist who brought a non English sensibility into English literature.  He wrote a story, novel and many with nautical setting, that depicts trails of the human spirit in the midst of on impassive , inscrutable universe .


About  Book

       
          Heart of Darkness is a work of writing fiction, narrative phrases. Normally longer than a short stories but shorter than Novel. That's why this work is categories as  a novella. Heart of Darkness is about a voyage up the congo River into the Congo free state, in the heart of Africa. This story narrated by Marlow. He tells his story to his friends. This setting provided the frame for Marlow's story of his obsession with the enables to create a parallel between London and Africa as a place of darkness.

     This book originally published in three part serial story in Blackwood Magazine . This work translated in many language. This novel is 67th of the 500 best novels in English of the 20th century.

      Heart of Darkness is novel around Marlow and on introspective sailor and his journey on the Congo river to meet Kurtz.  Who is reputed among black slaves. Marlow is a captain of riverboat company. 1st he travels Africa and then Congo . He observed widespread insufficiency and brutality in company station. The narrative has habits of the religion has been forced into  company service they suffer terrible.

      Marlow arrive at the central station when was run by the general manager a conspirational character. He find that his steamship has been sunk and spends several months waiting for part to repair it. His interest in Kurtz grow during this time. The manger and brick makers seem to fear kurtz as a threat to their position. He is a ill. He delay in replying the ship all the more costly. Marlow and his crew come across a hat with stacked firewood together with not saying that the wood is for them but they should approach cautiously.

     Kurtz disappeared Inthe night and Marlow goes out to search of him. Crawling on all fours towards the native camp. Marlow stop him and convince him to return to the ship. They set off down the river the next morning but Kurtz health is failing fast. Marlow listens to Kurtz talk while his pilots. While the personal docuy including an eloquent pamphlet an civilization the savage which ends with a scrawled message that say

Extreminate all the brutes

   The steamer before down and they have to stop for repair Kurtz dies uttering his last words - The horror ! The horror!

Conclusion

    At the end we can conclude that this novel is based on struggle and stuffing if black people. Rasicm and slavery is the core of this book.  We can see life of a two person from each has his individuality in this work. One Black people against which society . One is influenced by others popularity

Heart of Darkness - Joseph corned

About Author:-

        Thomas Hardy was an English novelist and poet. A Victorian realist in the tradition of George Eliot, he was influenced both in his novels and in his poetry by Romanticism, especially William Wordsworth. Who set much of his work in Wessex. He was an architecture by profession but from his soul he was a pure artist. He wrote a poems but he was not get that position among literary writers. So he drown his attention towards novels. And he got success as writer with help of novel.


About novel :-

      Far from the Madding Crowd  is Thomas Hardy's fourth novel and his first major literary success. It originally appeared anonymously as a monthly serial in Cornhill Magazine, where it gained a wide readership. The novel is the first to be set in Thomas Hardy's Wessex in rural southwest England. This novel is one of the best novel written by him.

Character :-

Bathsheba
Gabriel oak
Troy
Fanny

     Bathsheba is a main character of this novel. Whole novel take place around  her. Hardy tried to write feminist novel because during the time of this novel 1873 we con not find many novel on which female characters is a central character. As we see most of hardy's novel have settings of Wessex.

   The main plot of this novel grow out of characters and sub plot grows out natural situation. Bathsheba is a very beautiful and charming woman. Who promoted  byher vanity and pride, reject the proposal of marriage offered by Gabriel oak. But she think like she is a superior than Gabriel oak.  Nonetheless the immature Bathsheba overlooked the worthy Gabriel and become infatuated with Sargent Troy a philanderer.
Bathsheba marries with troy, although he is already involved with fanny. Bathsheba knows about his affairs with fanny. It is too late. Fanny and her child are already dead. And Troy desert her when Bathsheba is ready to accept her mistake in encouraging and marry him out of pity and duty.


     Hardy's view about life is essentially tragic caused by the hand of fate in human affairs. Sometimes fate operates through natural occurrence . In far from Madding crowd. Gabriel must work feverishly to protect Bathsheba 's harvest from a terrible Strom. Although Gabriel succeed in overcoming the fate of Strom. Bathsheba is not lucky and loss all his fortune through and occured of natural fate. Fate is responsible for Bathsheba's change in fortune as well.

     The plot of novel actually center on the fortunes and misfortunes of Gabriel oak. We can say that throughout her tribulations Bathsheba comes to really increasingly on her oldest and as the admits to herself, only real friend Gabriel. When he gives notice that he is learning her employ. She realises that how important he has become to her well- being.

    Basically the whole story is take place around Bathsheba and her love story . She is the only female and most important character of the novel. This is the story all about.

Heart of Darkness - Joseph corned

About Author:-

        Thomas Hardy was an English novelist and poet. A Victorian realist in the tradition of George Eliot, he was influenced both in his novels and in his poetry by Romanticism, especially William Wordsworth. Who set much of his work in Wessex. He was an architecture by profession but from his soul he was a pure artist. He wrote a poems but he was not get that position among literary writers. So he drown his attention towards novels. And he got success as writer with help of novel.


About novel :-

      Far from the Madding Crowd  is Thomas Hardy's fourth novel and his first major literary success. It originally appeared anonymously as a monthly serial in Cornhill Magazine, where it gained a wide readership. The novel is the first to be set in Thomas Hardy's Wessex in rural southwest England. This novel is one of the best novel written by him.

Character :-

Bathsheba
Gabriel oak
Troy
Fanny

     Bathsheba is a main character of this novel. Whole novel take place around  her. Hardy tried to write feminist novel because during the time of this novel 1873 we con not find many novel on which female characters is a central character. As we see most of hardy's novel have settings of Wessex.

   The main plot of this novel grow out of characters and sub plot grows out natural situation. Bathsheba is a very beautiful and charming woman. Who promoted  byher vanity and pride, reject the proposal of marriage offered by Gabriel oak. But she think like she is a superior than Gabriel oak.  Nonetheless the immature Bathsheba overlooked the worthy Gabriel and become infatuated with Sargent Troy a philanderer.
Bathsheba marries with troy, although he is already involved with fanny. Bathsheba knows about his affairs with fanny. It is too late. Fanny and her child are already dead. And Troy desert her when Bathsheba is ready to accept her mistake in encouraging and marry him out of pity and duty.


     Hardy's view about life is essentially tragic caused by the hand of fate in human affairs. Sometimes fate operates through natural occurrence . In far from Madding crowd. Gabriel must work feverishly to protect Bathsheba 's harvest from a terrible Strom. Although Gabriel succeed in overcoming the fate of Strom. Bathsheba is not lucky and loss all his fortune through and occured of natural fate. Fate is responsible for Bathsheba's change in fortune as well.

     The plot of novel actually center on the fortunes and misfortunes of Gabriel oak. We can say that throughout her tribulations Bathsheba comes to really increasingly on her oldest and as the admits to herself, only real friend Gabriel. When he gives notice that he is learning her employ. She realises that how important he has become to her well- being.

    Basically the whole story is take place around Bathsheba and her love story . She is the only female and most important character of the novel. This is the story all about.

Far from the Madding crowd - Thomas Hardy

Far from the Madding crowd

This blog is a part of my thinking activity in B.A syllabus.

About Author:-

        Thomas Hardy was an English novelist and poet. A Victorian realist in the tradition of George Eliot, he was influenced both in his novels and in his poetry by Romanticism, especially William Wordsworth. Who set much of his work in Wessex. He was an architecture by profession but from his soul he was a pure artist. He wrote a poems but he was not get that position among literary writers. So he drown his attention towards novels. And he got success as writer with help of novel.


About novel :-

      Far from the Madding Crowd  is Thomas Hardy's fourth novel and his first major literary success. It originally appeared anonymously as a monthly serial in Cornhill Magazine, where it gained a wide readership. The novel is the first to be set in Thomas Hardy's Wessex in rural southwest England. This novel is one of the best novel written by him.

Character :-

Bathsheba
Gabriel oak
Troy
Fanny

     Bathsheba is a main character of this novel. Whole novel take place around  her. Hardy tried to write feminist novel because during the time of this novel 1873 we con not find many novel on which female characters is a central character. As we see most of hardy's novel have settings of Wessex.

   The main plot of this novel grow out of characters and sub plot grows out natural situation. Bathsheba is a very beautiful and charming woman. Who promoted  byher vanity and pride, reject the proposal of marriage offered by Gabriel oak. But she think like she is a superior than Gabriel oak.  Nonetheless the immature Bathsheba overlooked the worthy Gabriel and become infatuated with Sargent Troy a philanderer.
Bathsheba marries with troy, although he is already involved with fanny. Bathsheba knows about his affairs with fanny. It is too late. Fanny and her child are already dead. And Troy desert her when Bathsheba is ready to accept her mistake in encouraging and marry him out of pity and duty.


     Hardy's view about life is essentially tragic caused by the hand of fate in human affairs. Sometimes fate operates through natural occurrence . In far from Madding crowd. Gabriel must work feverishly to protect Bathsheba 's harvest from a terrible Strom. Although Gabriel succeed in overcoming the fate of Strom. Bathsheba is not lucky and loss all his fortune through and occured of natural fate. Fate is responsible for Bathsheba's change in fortune as well.

     The plot of novel actually center on the fortunes and misfortunes of Gabriel oak. We can say that throughout her tribulations Bathsheba comes to really increasingly on her oldest and as the admits to herself, only real friend Gabriel. When he gives notice that he is learning her employ. She realises that how important he has become to her well- being.

    Basically the whole story is take place around Bathsheba and her love story . She is the only female and most important character of the novel. This is the story all about.

Thinking Activity on 'The Da Vinci Code'

This task is given by Pro. Dilip Barad, to look at worksheet click here

1. Brown states on his website that his books are not anti-Christian, though he is on a 'constant spiritual journey' himself, and says that his book The Da Vinci Code is simply "an entertaining story that promotes spiritual discussion and debate" and suggests that the book may be used "as a positive catalyst for introspection and exploration of our faith." 

Dan Brown asserts that his books are not anti-Christian, and it is right also because he wants to reveal the facts. He also says that he is on the spiritual journey as he portrays the characters who have faith in the religion. Through the murder mystery he unfolds the factual things about the Christianity.  if we look deeply then we can find that there is much serious issues on which Brown throws light. In a way he is trying to awaken the people from the blind faith.  there are several incidence which shows us that our hero has faith on the Christianity and also he don’t want to break it. We can say that Robert Langdon's journey as a pilgrimage. The search for the Spiritual Truth. Brown is just using the historical fact with his imagined story.

2. Although it is obvious that much of what Brown presented in his novel as absolutely true and accurate is neither of those, some of that material is of course essential to the intrigue, and screenwriter Akiva Goldsman has retained the novel's core, the Grail-related material: the sacred feminine, Mary Magdalene's marriage, the Priory of Sion, certain aspects of Leonardo's art, and so on[ 1].” How far do you agree with this observation of Norris J. Lacy? 

Yes, the observation of Norris Lacy is true. We can say Akiva Goldsman has conserved the story line and it is much like novel. The grail related material, definite aspects of Leonardo's art and many things. The screen writer is successful to keep the core content through the use of all the symbols and secrets about the novel. We can find the scenes in Louvre museum so it is much realistic. Dan Brown's major materials for the novel is taken from the book 'The holy blood and the holy grail'. The idea of feminine sacredness is much live as Sophie Nevue leads to Robert Langton. 

3. You have studied ‘Genesis’ (The Bible), ‘The Paradise Lost’ (John Milton) and ‘The Da Vinci Code’ (Dan Brown). Which of the narrative/s seem/s to be truthful? Whose narrative is convincing to the contemporary young mind? 

The narrative of the da Vinci code is more convincing because its time to doubt and not believing in what is written and said. Milton's The Paradise Lost is story of god,punishment So it keep people in fear while The Da Vinci code tries to prove Jesus as man in logical way. So Da Vinci code is more convincing in this era.

4. What harm has been done to humanity by the biblical narration or that of Milton’s in The Paradise Lose? What sort of damage does narrative like ‘The Vinci Code’ do to humanity? 

Milton displays woman as downfall of a man and in many narrator there is woman who is the reason of downfall of man. In The Da Vinci code society and people were not free. Even artists also had to paint and draw what church want. Lots of people have been killing for religion. The Da Vinci code tries to deconstruct Jesus as God with the help of myths. In the novel there is description of how millions of women were killed for killing of Marie Magdalene. This work can be do harm in that way. In the end it proves that heir of Jesus is living. So for protection of power again church can do same thing. 

5. What difference do you see in the portrayal of 'Ophelia' (Kate Winslet) in Kenneth Branagh's Hamlet, 'Elizabeth' (Helena Bonham Carter) in Kenneth Branagh's Mary Shelley's Frankenstein or 'Hester Prynne' (Demi Moore) in Roland Joffé's The Scarlet Letter' or David Yates's 'Harmione Granger' (Emma Watson) in last four Harry Potter films - and 'Sophie Neuve' (Audrey Tautau) in Ron Howard's The Da Vinci Code? How would justify your answer? 

The portrayal of the character its makes difference, and the perspectives towards the author or film maker is different for us, Kenneth Branagh sexually objected Kate Winset by taking liberty with Ophelia's portrayal and showed her nude which we do not find in Shakespeare's Hamlet. Ron maintained sacredness in Sophie's portrayal  in movie and thus, even if Dan's Sophie is kissed on lips, he do not show those scenes in movie. Kenneth Branagh in Frankenstein also, takes liberty with portrayal of Elizabeth on screen, whereas Ron Howard, remained faithful to the central theme of feminine sacredness in Sophie's portrayal. 

6. Do novel / film lead us into critical (deconstructive) thinking about your religion? Can we think of such conspiracy theory about Hindu religious symbols / myths? 

The DA Vinci code questions that whom we believe God, are they really God or they were humans like us? In Hindu religion also there are established gods and goddesses. Rama and Krishna are prominent gods of Hindus but they can be man. Only source of their information are books.  Most of the stories of Hindu religion tells the stories of how God punishes who do not worship them. There are lots of examples in vratkathas.  Those type of stories are conspiracies to keep people in fear.

7. Have you come across any similar book/movie, which tries to deconstruct accepted notions about Hindu religion or culture and by dismantling it, attempts to reconstruct another possible interpretation of truth? 

Yes, we can find in films like 'OMG' and 'PK', which deconstructs the idea of God and the existence of God. 

In this both movies we can find that director very effectively raise the question on existence of god and also give many interesting example to prove the point. 

8. When we do traditional reading of the novel ‘The Da Vinci Code’, Robert Langdon, Professor of Religious Symbology, Harvard University emerges as protagonist and Sir Leigh Teabing, a British Historian as antagonist. Who will claim the position of protagonist if we do atheist reading of the novel? Hu

When novel ends protagonist Robert Langdon clearly  emerges as staunch believer of God while antagonist Leigh Teabing as atheist. Teabing's only intention is to make all humans free. Free from fear of God. He always believed that Jesus is not God and whole life tries to find secret of holy grail and prove it. He kills many people and can do anything to prove his belief. So if we read novel as atheist novel then Leigh Teabing will be protagonist. And his intention also can be consider good for humanity.

9. Explain Ann Gray’s three propositions on ‘knowability’ with illustrations from the novel ‘The Da Vinci Code’.
a.       1) Identifying what is knowable 
b.      2) identifying and acknowledging the relationship of the knower and the known
c.      3) What is the procedure for ‘knowing’?

 In this novel this sentence "I dont know what I dont know" is reflecting here, even character of Sophia her self don't know that she is descendant of Jesus and also Robert langdon quest for knowing is also presented, so idea of 'knowability' is play a vital role in this novel.  And after the known the truth Sophia and Robert langdon are seems to not happy, they dont take much interest to revel the truth to the worlds.

Thank you...✍️

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Sunday reading : when God is a Traveller

Thinking activity on Sunday reading

When I asked the poet, "What if I called you a modern-day Meera, an agnostic follower of an elusive Krishna?" she laughed, not displeased, but pointed out that her poems also had references to Shiva, Kartikeya and others.Though the poems in When God is a Traveller frequently dwell upon the minute details of everyday life, they also see in those details, hints of a Godhead, an uber-reality. Charmingly elusive avatars of Muruga, Krishna and other divinities appear, composed of the elements of our contemporary reality and occasionally, denied by it. This is also a frank volume of middle age. In 'Epigrams for Life after Forty', Arundhathi Subramaniam eloquently describes how, when life swivels around suddenly, we have to learn to discover profits in our loss.

This is a theme not unrelated to Meera's: how to lose Earthly kingdoms, but gain the (divine) self. As Subramaniam puts it, "Bhakti (devotion) is very much the spirit of these poems — a passionate, far from anti-carnal or anti-intellectual bhakti. I think we've often turned devotion into an anaemic animal."

This bhakti in her poems also reflects a transition in her life since I was last in touch with her, in the 1990s. "Earlier I thought that my public persona would be about 'the Arts', and my private self would be about 'spirituality'. A near-death experience in 1997 and an encounter with a spiritual guide in 2004 have shaped my life on a very fundamental level."

Many of the old divides blasted away, and the poems in this volume reflect that. But what about the other divide: that between the poet and the reader? "Some would view you as a high-intellectual. How accessible do you think your poems are?"

Subramaniam recalls that when she was 13, she stumbled across a volume of TS Eliot's poems. She did not understand all of it, but "I knew I was in the presence of beauty, and mystery." She didn't know who Eliot was. For the 13-year-old, he was her discovery.

"We all want mystery as much as we want clarity. There is beauty — and truth — in the patterning of the two. Hundred-watt radiance is fine for shopping malls, not for poems!"

Subramaniam adds that she loves Randall Jarrell's comment, that people haven't stopped reading modern poetry because it's difficult: they find it difficult because they've stopped reading it.

So, how do the poems in this volume score on accessibility? Very well for poetry-lovers. For other readers, there's ample beauty of clear song here, but also some dark, cob-webbed corners that could do with greater clarity. To give the poet the last word on this, "I've learnt to trust the image and the image is much more intelligent than I am."

Web quest of Harry potter

Harry potter - J. K. Rowling


This blog is part of my academic task given by Dilip Barad Sir. To know more about activity click here

       Harry potter is series of fantasy novel written by J. k. Rowling. The first novel harry potter and Philosopher's stone on 26 June 1997.

1. The Sorcerer's stone
2. The chamber of secrets
3. The prisoner of Azkaban
4. Goblet of fire
5. Order of the phoenix
6. The half Blood Prince
7. The Deathly hellows part -1
8. The Deathly hellows part-2


Here is my web quest activity Click here

  Feminist reading

       Hermione is a major character in harry potter series. Many people says that J.K . Rowling has not left any place to her crises her work from feminists point of view. It is not totally true. There are many female characters play some effective role. Like the handmaster of Hogwarts miss Umbridge. She rules one who ruled on Hogwarts. The other character is lily. She is a mother of Harry. She is more important than harry's father James. The mother of Ron and Ginny molly. she is a housewife but when it comes to her daughter she can fighting with Bellatrix and defeat so she is a also kind and powerful woman in harry potter.
We see all woman character are under the power of men. Woman character are not central  character they are portrayed as a helping character in harry potter. Harry is a important character in the novel.

    Hermione Granger portrayed as most intelligent , smart and talented girl. She is very conscious about studying. She is very active student and also she get sparks to her mind with right time. Sometimes she leads Ron and Harry. She also very good in do magic. Hermione is also very kind person and always ready for his friends. She like animals and birds some time she became so emoy while hunting spider. She have knowledge of  bookish and solve the code and reason in the book. She removed her memory from her parents lives. Some strong side and weak sides are point out in harry potter.

Children literature

       Harry potter is a children's literature. It is not only children literature but also for young adults person. Harry potter series is full of fiction and fantasy. So what is children literature. In a simple language we can say that which literature contain stories About fairy tale, fantasy, dream world, with imagination and moral Idea. And the most important thing children entertainment books. That is called. Children literature and Juvenile literature.

         Harry potter books translated in many language. The book language is very simple so easy understand for children. Children are enjoying to see magic realism. J.k Rowling open quire literature also. Adventure stories always to attract children mindset. Harry potter shows school life like students life, library and friends. Hillary crew suggest that the series has been "magic" for many young people, whittled their own wands , dressed up in ' invisible capes'. Kids are not only ones who have read and reread these books with passion. So many people give a review on that series some people say it is life changing experience. But according to some critics it is quite different to consider harry potter as a children's literature. J k Rowling used very simple language. Children like to see magic, invisibility, cloak, time - turners, flying, magical wand , or mysterious world things.


Self - help culture


         Self help book is one that is written with intention to instruct it's readers on solving personal problems. Self- help books moved from a nich position to being a postmodern culture phenomenon in the late twentieth century.
     
       the action or process of bettering oneself or overcoming one's problems without the aid of others especially : the coping with one's personal or emotional problems without professional help.

Harrypotter is a self help book

 because that book give some clues which can make self help book. Like for finding happiness in Dark times, honestly working in his duty even people hate you that reflects in pro. Snspes character. Then loyalty, sacrifices , friendship that all things are which can take as a self help book. We learn somany idea through this book.

This book is something different then any other books. That book shows who talked about people that there is something lacking in ourselves . That book teach us if you are right then fight against power position. We can see that in Dumbledore's army which is trained by Harry. Harry' s team fight against ministry of magic. 

We see sacrifice lily for her son harry.

It help to reads to overcome from psychological struggle. 

We learn the self identity in

Harry's character. And also learn about importance of mindfulness. Or in Hermione Granger 's character teach us our reading habbit give a knowledge and spark right time in our mind. Also learn observation skill and connecting dots from Hermione. 

Pain give a strength and learn

Value of life. 

Believe in yourself no one can 

Help you. You have to help yourself not waiting of others. We learn that things through Hermione and Harry character.

Choice and chance

         Our choice make us what we are good or bad. This book suspenseful drive plot the meaningful choice.

        The question of choice versus chance runs throughout the Harry potter series. That question raised on the first time at the end of the Chamber of secrets. When Riddle tells Harry that  " It was merely a Lucky chance to saved you".

     

    Dumbledore subsequently tells Harry " It is our choice that show what we truly are for more than our Ability".

  Voldemort continues to insist on chance as the cause of his downfall, right up to the bitter end. And  Dumbledore  by contrast  insists on the importance of personal choice in determining outcomes, rather than either chance or fate.  J. K Rowling has said that Dumbledore often speaks for her so it seems that she would also believe in choice rather than chance.


    'Life is a about Choice and chance ,
You make a choice and take a chance.'

Here is my chart of Harry potter click here

   Here is rubric evaluation of my blog click here   

Resources :

https://www.academia.edu/3672213/the_representation_of_gender_equality_in_J.K._Rowlings_Harry_Potter_Ser

https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/college-inc/post/is-harry-potter-classic-childrens-literature/2011/07/16/gIQA0RS1HI_blog.html?noredirect=on


https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320629355_Janina_Scarlet_Harry_Potter_Therapy_An_Unauthorized_Self-Help_Book_from_the_Restricted_Section

http://www.the-leaky-cauldron.org/features/essays/issue19/choice/

Sunday reading : Arundhati Roy

Suzanna Arundhati Roy is born on 24 November 1961 in Shillong, Meghalaya. She is Indian author, actress. She is also a political activist involved in human rights and environmental causes. She is best known for her novel ' The God of smaller
things' which won the Man Booker prize for fiction in 1997.
   
      She worked in television and movies. She wrote the screenplay  for In which Annie gives It those ones. The movie based on her experience as a student of architecture in which she also appeared as a performer and Electronic Moon.

      She won the National film Award for Best screenplay in 1988. She also written a television serial The Banyan tree after the success of her 1st novel. She has written numerous essays on contemporary politics and culture.

About her novel ' THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS'

       Arundhati's first novel ' The God of small things' in 1992. This novel completing in 1996. She wrote her  childhood experiences in Aymanam in this novel. This book is semi – Autobiographical novel. And also won the Booker prize for fiction.

She writes on culture and class discrimination of her native village. She including colonial and social history. She give more attention on caste system touchability and untouchability. In the mid 20th century. There are four original caste and then divided into 3000 sub caste.

" Change is one things acceptance is another"

     ' The Ministry of utmost happiness' is a second novel of Arundhati Roy. This Novel published in 2017. In this novel she shows the dark and violent incidents of the modern Indian history. The land reform disposed poor farmers to the 2002. Kashmir insurgency and Godhra train burning. She's character run the Indian society or intersex  woman ' Hijra' a rebellion architect supervisor in the intelligence service take place in Delhi and Kashmir.

Book review :- તત્વમસિત તત્વમસિ

નર્મદે 

ધુવ ભટૃ  ની આ બીજી નોવેલ વાચુ છુ. સમુદ્રાન્તીકે પછી.આ નવલકથાનું પોસ્ટર જ ઘણું આ બુક વીશે કહી જાય છે.  આખી નોવેલ નર્મદા ફરતે વિટળાયેલી છે. બુક પણ નદિ ના પ્રવાહ ની જેમ અલગ અલગ મોડ પર વહેતી જાય છે.
  ‘ લે ખાઇ લે ' એવા રસપ્રદ  વાકય થી થાય છે. ત્યાર થી જ સસ્પેન્સ શરૂ થાય છે. ડાયરી માંથી સ્ટોરી વાંચતિ જાય છે. નરેટર નું નામ ક્યાંય નથી.

અમેરિકન પ્રોફેસર રુડોલ્ફ તેના સ્ટુડન્ટ ને ઇન્ડિયા માં આદિવાસી ના અભ્યાસ પ્રોજેક્ટ માટે ભારત મોકલે  છે જે 18 વરસે તેના વતન આવે છે. ઉત્સાહ વગર
   બુક આદિવાસી ની લાક્ષણિકતા દર્શાવે છે . માનવ જીવન ની પ્રકૃતિ ની ઝલક એમાં અનુભવી શકાય છે.
આ બુક ના પાત્રો જેવા ક સુપ્રિયા,બીતુબંગા, શાસ્ત્રી કાકા,ગુપ્તાજી,પુરીયા,વિષ્ણુમસ્તાર, પર્વતી બા,  કાલેવાલી માં , ગંડું ફકીર વગેરે ખૂબ ચીવટ આકયા છે .

સુપ્રિયા જેવી યંગ  છોકરી આવા વિસ્તાર કામ કરે છે .બધી વાત એટલી સ્પષ્ટ રીતે વિચારી શકે છે .  લેખક ની ભાષા આદિવાસી ની બોલવાની છટા આકર્ષિ જાય છે.
ભારત ની કુટુંબ પ્રથા, સંસ્કૃતિ કચ્છ નું ગામડું એકબીજા પ્રત્યે પેમ નાનિમાં ની સમજ શક્તિ ભારતીય સંસ્કૃતિ બતાવાય છે.

   લેખક ક્યારે એક વાત માંથી બીજી વાત માં લઇ જાય છે તે ખબર નથી રેતી. જેમ નદી એક સ્થળ ને બીજા સ્થળ સાથે સહેલાઇ થઈ જોડે છે તેમ નોવેલ પણ વર્તમાન માંથી ભૂતકાળ માં સરી પડે છે.

  વાંચતી વખતે આપણે ખુદ તેમાં એક પાત્ર હોય તેવું લાગે . બધું નજર સામે રચાઈ છે. એ ટાઈમ ના ધર્મગુરુ એવા શાસ્ત્રી કાકા કેટલું તાર્કિક ને ધર્મ થી અલગ વિચારે છે . તે ખૂબ પ્રભાવશાલિ માણસ છે.  શિવમંદિર ના તે પૂજારી ને દાદ દેવી પડે  જેવી સમજણ તેના માં છે તે આજ ના પૂજારી માં જરા જેટલી પણ નથી રહી .તેનું અર્થઘટન રસપ્રદ છે  . તે મને છે કે બધા રીતરિવાજ કંઈક મોરલ લઈને બનાવેલ છે. ને પ્રકૃતિ ને અનુરૂપ બનાવાય છે .

  સુપરિયા ટેકનોલોજી અને પ્રાચીન સંસ્કૃતિ વચ્ચે સારું બેલેન્સ જાળવવાની ક્ષમતા ધરાવે છે . તે જોય મને ગમ્યુ.

   ભારત ના  કલચર માં કંઈક તત્વ તો એવું છે જે બધા માં કોમન જોવા મળે છે.મહાભારત નો ઉલ્લેખ છે આપણે વાંચી હોય કે ન વાંચી હોય પણ જાણે અજાણે તેના વિશે બધા ભારતીયો જાને જ છે. તે સાબિત થાય છે.

   જંગલ ની સુંદરતા થી લઈને તેનું ક્રુરતાનું વાસ્તવિક સ્વરૂપ આલખ્યુ છે. એક લાઈન મને સાચી લાગી

“ જગત દેખાય તેટલું રમ્ય નથી”

એક જ રંગ ની અલગ અલગ  જાંય નું પ્રતિબિંબ અને ઉજ્જડ વન બતાવ્યું છે.
   નર્મદામાં સિક્કો ફેંકવાની પ્રથા શ્રધ્ધા અને અંધશ્રદ્ધા નો  ડિફ્રન્સ, સંગીતના સાધનો, ફૂલોની ખેતી, કુબેર બાગાન મધપૂડા ની ખેતી વગેરે બદલાવ આવ્યા નું વર્ણન છે.

   સૌથી વધારે ધ્યાન ખેચે તેવા પાત્ર ‘બીતુબંગા’ બંને અલગ  માણસ છતા સાથે બોલાઈ તેમની કલાકૃતિ સોભદરા બાગાન, ગલ સંડો (ડેમ) કાલ્પનિક વસ્તુ ને વાસ્તવિ માની બેસવી. બધી વસ્તુ ની પોતાની અલગ ડિસિક્સનરી છે તેની પાસે.

   આ બુક માં બીજું ઘણું જાણવા મળે છે – તારલાઓ નું જ્ઞાન, મધપૂડા ની જાણકારી, શ્વાનમંડળ ની આકૃતિ. તારક અને વ્યાધ યુગમ(જોડિયા) તારા નું જ્ઞાન  અભણ આદિવાસી પાસેથી મલે છે.ગંડું ફકીર ની જીવન ફિલોસોફી  કલેવાલીમાં માં શ્રધ્ધા ભલે રીત અલગ પણ. મોરલ એક.

    ઉચ્ચ સંસ્કૃત ભાષા ના જોડિયા શબ્દો નું નિર્માણ કરતા અને એક પણ જોડિયા શબ્દો ન બોલી સકતા માણસો છતા જીવન દ્રષ્ટિ એક જ છે. તે આમાં જોય શકાય છે.
    સમાજ ની નજીક માં નજીક એક શિક્ષક જ રહી શકે તે હાલ માં અને ત્યારે પણ મનાતું.

  દરેક માનવ કોઈ એક એવો નિર્ણય લેવા માં કેયલીય દ્વિધા અનુભવે છે તે બીતા ના પાત્ર થી જોય શકાય છે .છેલ્લે એ વાઘણ ને છોડી મુકવી જે તેના ભાઈ ને ભરખી ગઈ છે તેને પોતાના જ હાથે છોડી મુકવી કઈ સહેલી વેત નથી .
  શરૂ વરસાદે ડાંગર રોપતા ખેડૂતો ને જોવું જેટલું સારું લાગે છે તેટલુંજ  તે કામ કરવા થી કેટલી અસહ્ય વેદના થાય તે કર્યા પછી સમજાય.
   હરીખોહ નો રમ્ય નજારો જોવો, ગળસંડો માં નહાવું, રાનીગુફા, જીંદા સાગબન નું વૃક્ષ , નદી ના વર્ણનો માં ખોવાઈ જાયે છીએ . જાણે હું પોતે એ બધું અનુભવી રહી હોય તેવું લાગે વાંચતા.

   સૌથી વધુ આકરક્ષિત કરતું પાત્ર પૂરીયા. હરતી કૂદતી,ગીત ગતિ બિન્દાસ, મસ્તમોલા. ઘણા દુઃખો ને ઊંડે મૂકી જીવનની મજા માણતી ધનવાન વ્યક્તિ પણ ન જીવી શકે તેવી હળવાશ ને નિખાલસતા તેના આંખો ને મુખ પર છલકાઈ છે.  જીવન જીવવા ની રીત શીખવા જેવી છે એનામાં બસ છેલ્લે તેનું સુ થયું તે દર્શાવ્યું નથી. કોઈ આપડી ખૂબ નજીકની વ્યકતી જ આપણા પર શક કરે તેની કેટલી અસર આપડા માનસ પર થાય તે રીફલેક્ટ કરે છે.

   એમોશન્સ ને ફીલિંગ ની વેલ્યુ ન કરનારો આ સ્ટુડન્ટ સાવ ત્યાંનો જ બની રહી જાય છે.
  બીજી માજા ની વાત એ છે બુક નું પેલું વાક્ય કોણ બોલે છે તે બુક ની છેલ્લી લાઈન માં ખબર પડે છે. I think   તે પણ ઓપન ending  છે . તે ને એસ અ આદિવાસી બાલા સમજવી કે નર્મદા નું સ્વરૂપ તે રીડર પર છોડ્યું છે તેવુ મને લાગે છે. આ નોવેલ વાંચવાની મને ખૂબ મજા પડી.  આદિવાસી  જંગલ વિશે પહેલી વાર આટલું જાણવાનું ગમ્યું. હજી સેજ આગળ લખીને પુરી કરી હોત એવું મને થયું.

Thank you